Controlling the flow of execution is crucial in Go programming, primarily through the use of conditionals and loops. Conditionals allow developers to execute code based on boolean expressions, enabling dynamic responses to varying conditions. For instance, `if` statements can be used to check conditions, while `else` and `else if` manage alternative scenarios. Employing boolean expressions effectively helps prevent runtime errors and panics in code. Meanwhile, loops, initiated by the `for` keyword, facilitate repetitive task execution until a specified condition is met, with various methods such as `for` with a counter, `for range` for iterating over slices or maps, and even the shorthand `switch` for cleaner conditional handling. Mastery of these constructs is foundational for effective software development in Go.