Packages in Go play a crucial role in organizing code and enhancing modularity, allowing developers to import and use reusable components efficiently. Each Go program operates within a designated package—typically `package main`—and can leverage standard library packages like `fmt` for formatting output and `math/rand` for generating random numbers. As projects scale, it becomes essential to structure code into multiple packages, ensuring better control over visibility and access to variables and functions. By defining whether types and fields are exported (accessible outside their package) or unexported (restricted within their package), developers can create robust interfaces that safeguard the program's integrity. This encapsulation enables controlled interactions with components, facilitating clear and maintainable code as developers build larger applications. Understanding packages fosters disciplined development practices, essential for managing complexity in Go.