The lesson delves into optimizing struct initialization in Go by addressing the limitations of using unexported fields and the constructor pattern with unnamed boolean parameters. It emphasizes the challenges of readability and maintainability when initializing struct options. By introducing a new `args` struct for named parameters, developers can improve clarity and reduce errors in setting properties such as `show bytes`, `show words`, and `show lines`. Furthermore, this approach maintains encapsulation while allowing easy scalability for future properties. The lesson showcases a practical refactor that ensures cleaner code and enhances both testing and usability within the display options management.